A Dutch View on Jamaica
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That Columbus did four voyages between 1492 and 1504 to the New World?
That Columbus also was namend 'Viceroy of the Indies'?
That Jamaica was Columbus' personal property till he died in 1506?
That the Awaraks in Discovery Bay were afraid of Columbus' fierce dog?
That Columbus stayed for more than a year in Bahía Santa Gloria
(St. Ann's Bay)?







The first European on Jamaican grounds...


In the end of the 15th century in Europe the Renaissance started, a period of refreshment and progress. In the meantime, life in Jamaica was not really complicated during that same period. However, one sailor from Spain was ready to discover the Caribbean. And so he did. And he was the first European who had contact with the -till then in Europe unknown- Awarak's.

Welcome?
No, he was not welcome.
When Columbus during his second trip to the 'New World' heart about Xaymaca from Indians in Cuba (who told him there was gold on Jamaica...) he decided to sail to the island. On May 5th, 1494 he anchored in what he later would called Bahía Santa Gloria (now known as St. Ann's Bay). This place was called Maima by the Awarak's.
But the Awarak's were not friendly to Columbus and his crew. Due attacks of the Caribs the Awarak's were became careful with the new whities with their strange faces and big ships.

One day later Columbus sailed westwards to a bay which looked (and still looks) like a horse shoe: Discovery Bay. The Awarak's still were not friendly, but Columbus needed wood and water, so he entered the coast.
The battle that followed was short: the Awarak's were not resistant against the crossbows and the (fierce) dog of the Spanish. They went inland, leaving a few wounded and death, and reappeared in a few days with peace offerings.

The four voyages...

El Golfo de Bien Tiempo
On May 9, Christopher sailed to the 'Gulf of Good Weather'. Yes, you know it, it is now called Montego Bay ;-). From there he sailed back to Cuba, with a beautiful experience called Xaymaca -but no gold- in his pocket.
Later that year he returned and explored the south coast.

In spite of the fact Christopher thought Jamaica was the most beautiful island he ever saw, it took nine years before he came back on the island. His third voyage to the New World brought him to South America and Hispaniola, but not to Jamaica.

Still seeking for a passage to Asia, he met Jamaica again on his fourth -and final- voyage. But some things were changed. On his trips to the New World so far he did not found any gold, ivory or other valuable stuff to trade. The Spanish authorities got impatient he was out of favor. And, besides that, his ships were -thanks to the worms- fallen apart...

Teredos
The first ship Christopher lost was the Gallega, in front of the coast of Panama, Central America. It literally was eaten by the worms (teredos). The second one sank on its way to Hispaniola (which now are Dominican Republic and Haiti). Christopher tried to get back to the coast of Hispaniola, but he did not make it.
Storms forced him to seek a save harbor as soon as possible and finally he found a shelter in Bahía Santa Gloria, Jamaica.

But even there they were not lucky. The two ships left were too much affected by the worms. Columbus and his crew had to get off the boats quickly and watched the sinking of the ships from the beach of St. Ann's Bay.
Although, that is one story. Another tells the ships ran aground in stormy weather at Maima, the place where Columbus first met Jamaica.
Which story is right you want to know? We don't know, but fact is that Columbus got here on land for the second time.

Columbus Park

Diseases and malnutrition
Explorer Columbus and his men had to stay for more than a year on Jamaica. It must have been a hard time out there. Christopher was left by the Awarak's and some members of his crew. There was not enough food available and he and the remaining crew members were bothered by diseases and malnutrition.

In 1504, almost one year later, two officers, Diego Méndez and Bartolomes Fieschi did the dangerous 110 miles Caribbean Sea to Hipaniola in a canoe, an excellent job.
After a short imprisonment by the local governor of Hispaniola, the two men could arrange a ship to rescue the sick Christopher and the others who survived the bad year on Jamaica.
On June 29 Columbus sailed away from Jamaica to Hispaniola. In September of the same year Columbus was recovered enough to get home. He never would sail to the New World again.

Christopher Columbus died on May 20, 1506 in Valladolid, about 160km northwest of Madrid, Spain.


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